The Republic of Senegal is located in the far west of the African continent, with its capital being the city of Dakar, on the narrow peninsula of Cape Verde. With an area of 196,722 km2, the country is bordered to the west by 700 km of coastline on the Atlantic Ocean, by Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea Conakry and Guinea Bissau to the south and finally, landlocked in its center, Gambia extends over a little over 300 km between the regions of Kaolack, Kolda and Ziguinchor.
Senegal is crossed by five rivers, two of which have their source in the Fouta Djallon in Guinea, Senegal to the north, Gambia, Sine, Saloum in the center and the Casamance River to the south.
Located between the Sahel in the North and the great tropical forest, Senegal is a flat country (200 m altitude on average), composed of mostly sandy soils. Rare accidents in the relief: the volcanic peninsula of Cap-Vert, the cliff of Thiès and the first foothills of the Fouta Djallon massif in the South-East.
The maritime region extends along the ocean, from Saint-Louis to Gambia. From Dakar to Saint-Louis, the coast is formed by alignments of dunes, separated by fertile lowlands called Niayes. South of the volcanic peninsula of Cap Verde, the coast is more jagged and the cliffs of Toubab Diallao then give way to the mangrove, where the arms of the Sine and Saloum penetrate the land in an inextricable labyrinth.
The subtropical zone of Lower Casamance has very dense vegetation: huge trees, rice fields, palm trees, fruit trees characterize the landscapes.
The Sudanian zone, to the north and east of Lower Casamance, is a landscape of open forest, then wooded savannah.
Ferlo is the northeastern zone of the country: it is a semi-desert steppe, populated by Fulani shepherds.